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Mammal Study
Abstract
Abstract.
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether and how the fruit-foraging behaviors of two frugivorous carnivorans, the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and Japanese badger (Meles anakuma), are influenced by the presence of humans. In the first investigation, we contrasted the frequency and duration of foraging visits to fruit-bearing trees in an urban forest and a mountain forest. In the second investigation, we employed a modeling approach to ascertain whether the degree of shelter affected tree selection in the urban forest by these frugivorous species. The results of the first investigation showed that both species foraged almost solely at night in the urban forest and had significantly shorter visit times in the urban forest than in the mountain forest. The second investigation revealed that both species selected to forage in sheltered places where the forest floor was covered with vegetation. We found that fruit production did not affect tree choice in these places, indicating that the mammals prioritize avoiding humans over effective foraging in places with more plentiful fruits. These tendencies to forage at night and in areas with adequate shelter indicate that these species have adapted their behaviors to avoid humans in urban environments.
We are grateful to M. Akasaka, N. Iwai, and Y. Shinoda for their helpful suggestions and support. We thank T. Kamito for his gracious cooperation. We also thank N. Hayashi and Tama Forest Science Garden for their gracious cooperation. We are very grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This work was partly supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI grants (nos. JP25241026 and JP17H00797) and the Institute of Global Innovation Research in TUAT.
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