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Ornithological Science
Abstract
Abstract
This paper introduces user-friendly atmospheric data, so-called objective analysis data, for ornithological studies. The data have been interpolated onto grid points distributed at a regular interval in space and time, and are suitable for analyzing using computer data analysis software. Data assimilation techniques, which are basically the application of optimization and control theories, are utilized for producing objective analysis data in order to reduce errors as much as possible and obtain the most reliable dataset. Some examples of objective analysis data are shown and their features are described. Some cautionary notes are also given in order to avoid misinterpretation of the data.
NCEP—DOE Reanalysis 2 data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. JRA-55 data were provided by Japan Meteorological Agency from their website at http://jra.kishou.go.jp/. ERA-Interim data were provided by ECMWF from their website at http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/. The mesoscale analysis data were provided by the JMA and distributed by the Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University (http://database.rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp/arch/jmadata/). This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26440245 to A. Manda and N. M. Yamaguchi.
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