薬理と治療
Volume 37, Issue 5, 2009
Volumes & issues:
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DRUG PROFILE SERIES
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
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紫外線障害ヘアレスマウスに対するコンドロイチン硫酸ナトリウム混餌投与の効果
37巻5号(2009);View Description Hide DescriptionSodium chondroitin sulfate has been recognized as a safe and effective medicine or dietarysupplement for the treatment of symptoms of osteoarthritis. In this study, we examinedthe effect of feeding of sodium chondroitin sulfate on UV damage in hairless mice. UV irradiationsignificantly reduced the water content of the stratum corneum in hairless mice. Feedingof sodium chondroitin sulfate significantly recovered the reduction of the water content of thestratum corneum. The present study suggested that the administration of sodium chondroitinsulfate alleviated the UV damage of human skin.(Jpn Pharmacol Ther 2009;37:393−7)KEY WORDS Sodium chondroitin sulfate, UV damage, Skin -
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ヤーコン葉・茎エキスの変異原性試験
37巻5号(2009);View Description Hide DescriptionYacon(Smallanthus sonchifolius)is an endemic edible plant in Andean highlands, whichhas recently been cultivated as health food in Japan. In the present study, in order to evaluatethe potential mutagenicity, the extract from the leaf and stem of yacon was tested in two testsystems, the bacterial reverse mutation test(Ames test)and the mouse bone marrow micronucleustest. The Ames test performed with 5 strains of bacteria[Salmonella typhimurium(TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, and TA 1537)and Escherichia coli(WP2 uvrA)], with or withoutmetabolic activation using the pre−incubation method. In the bone marrow micronucleus testusing male ICR mice, a suspension of the extract from the leaf and stem of yacon in 1%hydroxypropylcellulose was administered orally to mice at dose of 5000 mg/kg.No increase in the number of revertant colonies was observed in any test strain, with orwithout metabolic activation, at the highest dose of the extract from the leaf and stem ofyacon(5000μg/plate)tested. There were no significant increases in micronucleated immatureerythrocyte when compared with the negative control animals receiving only 1%hydroxypropylcellulose.These results suggest that the extract from the leaf and stem of yacon did not inducethe gene mutation and have no clastgenic activity in vivo.(Jpn Pharmacol Ther 2009;37:405−10)KEY WORDS Yacon, Smallanthus sonchifolius, Bacterial reverse mutation test, Mousebone marrow micronucleus test -
ヤーコン葉・茎エキスの一般薬理試験
37巻5号(2009);View Description Hide DescriptionThe general pharmacological effects of the extract from the leaf and stem of yacon(Smallanthus sonchifolius, Compositae), a novel food resource, were investigated in mice, rats and guinea pigs. The doses and concentration−range of the extract used in this study were 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg, p. o. in vivo, and 0.001−0.1% in vitro, respectively. The extract had no effect on the general behavior, spontaneous motor activity, pentobarbital−induced sleep, pentetrazol−induced convulsion and acetic acid−induced writhing in mice, and body temperature in rats. In the isolated guinea pig ileum, the extract caused a transient contraction at a concentration of 0.1%, and showed non−specific inhibition on acetylcholine−, histamine−and barium chloride−induced contraction. The extract slightly attenuated the tension of resting state at a concentration of 0.1%, and slightly suppressed norepinephrine−induced contraction at concentrations of >0.03% in the isolated guinea pig aorta. In the isolated guinea pig right ventricular papillary muscles and right atria, the extract exerted weak positive inotropic and chronotropic effects at concentrations of >0.03%, respectively. The extract did not substantially prolong the effective refractory period in the isolated guinea pig right ventricular papillary muscles. In conscious rats, the extract did not affect the respiration, heart rate and blood pressure. The extract had no effect on the intestinal transport of charcoal meal in mice. In rats, the extract at a dose of 1000 mg/kg decreased the urine volume and increased the urinary electrolyte(Na+, K+and Cl−)excretion at 0−6 hr after oral administration, although it had no effect on the urine volume and the urinary electrolyte excretion at 6−24 hr after administration. These results suggest that the extract from the leaf and stem of yacon has no notable general pharmacological effects, except that it causes non−specific inhibition of agonistinduced contraction in the isolated smooth muscles and weak cardiotonic action in the isolated cardiac muscles at high concentrations, and the decrease in urine volume and the increase in urinary electrolyte excretion at a high dose in rats.(Jpn Pharmacol Ther 2009;37:411−22)KEY WORDS Yacon, General pharmacology, Mouse, Rat, Guinea pig -
ジアシルグリセロール単回摂取が食事脂質燃焼に及ぼす影響
37巻5号(2009);View Description Hide DescriptionBackground Several studies in rodents and humans reported that oxidation rate of dietarydiacylglycerol(DAG)was greater significantly than that of dietary control triacylglycerol(TAG). And it may be one of the mechanisms underlying the suppressive effect of DAG onbody fat accumulation. In this present study, it was investigated that effect of single oraladministration of DAG or TAG on postprandial oxidation of concomitant dietary fat.Methods Double−blind cross over designed study was conducted in 10 healthy subjects.The test meals were prepared based on the sleeping metabolic rate(energy, 635.7±69.5kcal;dose of the test oil(DAG or TAG), 10.1±1.1 g, mean±standard deviation). And theboth DAG and TAG meals were added 0.9 g of 13C labeled−triolein(13C−triolein)as tracer ofconcomitant dietary fat.Results Recovery rate of 13CO2 in breath after DAG meal were greater significantly thanthat after TAG meal, suggesting that dietary DAG stimulated postprandial oxidation of concomitantdietary fat. Whole body energy expenditure and respiratory quotient(RQ)were notsignificantly different. Postprandial serum triglyceride level was significantly lower after DAGmeal than that after TAG meal observed as several previous studies.Conclusion It was suggested that DAG enhanced postprandial oxidation of concomitant dietaryfat and it may support the suppressive effect of DAG on body fat accumulation.(Jpn Pharmacol Ther 2009;37:423−31)KEY WORDS Diacylglycerol, Triacylglycerol, Dietary fat oxidation, Energy expenditure,Respiratory quotient -
17 種類アミノ酸混合物の日常生活および運動負荷に対する抗疲労効果
37巻5号(2009);View Description Hide DescriptionObjective A mixture of 17 amino acids with the same amino acid composition as hornet larvalsaliva has been suggested to increase fatty acid oxidation as well as improve performancein endurance exercise. Accumulating evidence is arousing interest in the possible antifatigueeffects of the mixture. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of theamino acid mixture on fatigue induced by daily activities and by physical load in healthyvolunteers.Methods Seventeen healthy volunteers participated in a double−blind, placebo−controlledcrossover clinical study. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups, and were providedwith the amino acid mixture(6000 mg/day)or placebo for 8 days. After a 7−day periodof daily activities, on day 8, they were subjected to fatigue−inducing workload trials on acycle ergometer at fixed workloads for 4 hr, followed by a 4 hr resting period. We evaluatedtheir subjective fatigue sensation at several time points primarily by the visual analogue scale(VAS).Results After the 7−day period, the VAS score assessed before the physical load was significantlylower in the amino acid mixture group compared with that in the placebo group.Also, the scores after 2 and 4 hr of workload were significantly lower in the amino acid mixturegroup compared with the placebo group.Conclusions The results of this study suggest that the 17 amino acid mixture is effectiveand useful to attenuate daily activity−induced fatigue and also physical workload−inducedfatigue.(Jpn Pharmacol Ther 2009;37:433−43)KEY WORDS A 17 amino acid mixture, Fatigue, Visual analogue scale, Daily activities,Workload
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