薬理と治療
Volume 37, Issue 6, 2009
Volumes & issues:
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REVIEW
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
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ヤーコン葉・茎エキスの哺乳類培養細胞を用いる染色体異常試験
37巻6号(2009);View Description Hide DescriptionAs a part of the safety evaluation of yacon extracts(extract from the leaf and stem ofyacon), a chromosomal aberration test in mammalian cell cultures was carried out.Based on the preliminary test, selecting the highest dose that showed at least 50% cellgrowthinhibition, chromosomal aberration test was conducted. As a result, since the incidenceof chromosome aberrations excluding gaps(TA value, an index of structural chromosomeaberrations) in the short−term treatment with and without metabolic activationexceeded the judging criteria of 10% or more in a dose−dependent manner, it was concludedthat yacon extracts had structural chromosome aberration inducibility under the conditions ofthis study. However the D20 and the TR values, indices of clastogenicity strength, for thetest article were a little weak among chemicals known to be structural chromosome aberrationinducers, and a similar value is shown by pectin(Pectine digests, food additive), which isone of the polysaccharides generated in plants. Moreover, since it has been reported thatyacon extracts have no genotoxicity in the Ames test or micronucleus test, it is possible thatthe results of this study were specific to the chromosomal aberration test in mammalian cellcultures.(Jpn Pharmacol Ther 2009;37:497−503)KEY WORDS Yacon(Smallanthus sonchifolia),Yacon extracts,Chromosomal aberrationtest,Mammalian cell cultures -
ヤーコン葉・茎エキスのラットを用いた経口投与による催奇形性試験
37巻6号(2009);View Description Hide DescriptionAs a part of the safety evaluation of yacon extracts(extract from the leaf and stem ofyacon), a teratogenicity study in rats was carried out.Oral administration by gavage of the extract of yacon to pregnant rats at a dose level of1000 mg/kg once daily during the period of fetal organogenesis from day 7 to day 17 of gestationwas associated with neither toxic changes nor abnormalities in general condition, bodyweight, food consumption or necropsy findings. There were no abnormalities in gestationsuch as early delivery and abortion, and there were no test article−related effects on the numberof corpora lutea, number of implnatations, ratio of embryo−fetal deaths, or number of livefetuses, sex ratio or fetal body weight at the end of the late gestation period. There were notest article−related external, visceral or skeletal abnormalities or variations, and there wereno abnormalities in the progress of ossification.Based on the results described above, it was judged that administration of yacon extractshad no effects on pregnant rats or on the embryo−fetal development, or no teratogenic effects.(Jpn Pharmacol Ther 2009;37:505−10)KEY WORDS Yacon(Smallanthus sonchifolia),Yacon extracts,Teratogenicity study,Rats -
ヤーコン葉・茎エキスのラットを用いた経口投与による繁殖試験
37巻6号(2009);View Description Hide DescriptionAs a part of the safety evaluation of yacon extracts(extract from the leaf and stem ofyacon), a reproduction study in rats was carried out.Oral administration by gavage of the extract of yacon to rats at a dose level of 1000 mg/kg once daily for 2 generations was associated with no test article−related deaths or no toxicchanges or abnormalities in general condition, body weight, food consumption or necropsyfindings. There were no abnormalities in the reproductive functions of the first generationincluding estrous cycle, copulation, fertilization, delivery and lactation. There were no abnormalitiesin the number, sex ratio or external appearance of liveborn pups that were born fromthe first generation, and there were no test article−related effects in the survival, development,or sensory/reflex function after birth. Similarly, there were no abnormalities in thereproductive function of the second generation and there were no test article−related effectson the liveborn pups born from the second generation.Based on the results described above, it was judged that administration of yacon extractsfor 2 generations had no effects on the reproductive functions or development of the livebornpups after birth in either generation. (Jpn Pharmacol Ther 2009;37:511−9)KEY WORDS Yacon(Smallanthus sonchifolia),Yacon extracts,Reproduction study,Rats -
ガレート型カテキン配合飲料の女性における体脂肪低減作用
37巻6号(2009);View Description Hide DescriptionObjective We examined the effect of consumption of catechins with a galloyl moiety onbody fat level and its safety in healthy women.Methods A randomized double−blind placebo−controlled study for 12 weeks wasconducted. The beverage(340 mL/bottle)contained 169.9 mg of tea catechins with a galloylmoiety. A total of 41 subjects with 23<BMI≦30 were divided into two groups. Each subjectin the test group was given 2 bottles of the test beverage/day and each subject in the placebogroup was given 2 bottles of a placebo beverage.Results The measurements of abdominal fat areas indicated significant reduction of visceralfat area in the catechin group compared with the placebo group at 12 weeks afterconsumption.Conclusions Our present observations suggest that consumption of catechins with a galloylmoiety may be useful for the prevention of obesity−related disorders in women.(Jpn Pharmacol Ther 2009;37:521−7)KEY WORDS Tea catechins, Catechins with a galloyl moiety, Obesity, Visceral fat area,Clinical trail -
紅茶ポリフェノール高含有紅茶飲料の高脂肪食負荷における血中中性脂肪値上昇抑制作用
37巻6号(2009);View Description Hide DescriptionObjectives We developed a black tea polyphenols(BTP)−enriched black tea beverage. Arandomized double−blind crossover study was carried out to investigate whether the BTPenrichedblack tea beverage would suppress the postprandial elevation of the blood triglyceridelevel and the blood remnant like particle(RLP)−cholesterol level.Methods 51 healthy volunteers(serum triglyceride 100−250 mg/dL)ingested the test drink(the BTP−enriched black tea beverage or placebo)with the fat−rich meal(fat 40 g). Bloodsamples were collected before and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 hours after the ingestion and blood triglyceridelevels and blood RLP−cholesterol levels were measured.Results The BTP−enriched black tea beverage concurrently ingested with the fat−richmeal significantly suppressed the postprandial elevation of the blood triglyceride level at 2, 3and 6 hours as compared with those observed after concurrent ingestion of placebo and thefat−rich meal(p<0.05). The beverage also significantly suppressed the postprandial elevationof blood RLP−cholesterol at 1 and 4 hours(p<0.05).Conclusions These results suggested that intake of the BTP−enriched black tea beveragesuppresses postprandial elevation of the blood triglyceride levels and the blood RLP−cholesterollevels.(Jpn Pharmacol Ther 2009;37:529−36)KEY WORDS Postprandial serum triglyceride, Black Tea Polyphenols, Black tea
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