薬理と治療
Volume 42, Issue 2, 2014
Volumes & issues:
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扉・目次
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SERIES プラセボについて考える
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TOPICS:第13回CRCと臨床試験のあり方を考える会議 2013 IN 舞浜
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【受賞演題】 大規模災害の発生に向けた施設としての取り組み- CRC と被験者との迅速な相互連絡を目指して
42巻2号(2014);View Description Hide Description -
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
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動脈硬化性疾患予防ガイドライン2012 年版におけるスタチンによるコレステロール管理目標到達への影響因子の探索
42巻2号(2014);View Description Hide DescriptionIn the previous study, we suggested that, in patients with high risk cardiovascular disease, low or non︱high density cholesterol(LDL︱C or non HDL︱C)was not sufficiently controlled in clinical practice in Japan. In this retrospective study, our aim was analyses of factors which influence the cholesterol control and their relationships in real clinical practice. From medical records from the databases of 15 Japanese hospitals, totally 6789 cases treated with any statin for more than 3 months between April 1 2009 and March 31 2012 were extracted and classified according to the guideline for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, revised in 2012. Our results of multivariate analyses indicated that age, gender, type of statins and incorporated cardiovascular diseases(hypertension and)were significantly influenced on LDL︱C or non HDL︱C control. Moreover, patients who did not achieved target levels were possibly treated with similar dose of statins to them achieved target levels. -
経皮吸収型鎮痛・抗炎症剤の皮膚障害性に関する研究―ロキソプロフェンナトリウムを中心として―
42巻2号(2014);View Description Hide DescriptionBackground There is a move toward greater use of generic medicine in recent years, and loxoprofen sodium hydrate patches are often used in the field of orthopedic surgery. However, patientsʼ complaints of usage sensations and side effects differ between original medicine and generic medicine, and few reported basic investigations have yielded evidence for the causes of dermopathy with these medicines. Methods Loxoprofen sodium hydrate tapes and cataplasms, and ketoprofen tapes, were applied to 8︱week︱old female hairless mice. The patches were removed after 24 hours, and the skin was observed after 1 and 24 hours. Specifically, the number of abrasions triggered by skin irritation from the patches, horny layer water retention, exfoliation, epidermal thickness, and substance P expression were investigated. Results With loxoprofen sodium hydrate, greater skin damage was seen with tapes than with cataplasms. No differences were found between loxoprofen sodium hydrate preparations in any of the experiments. With Mohrus® tape the number of abrasions increased, horny layer moisture decreased, and the epidermis thickened compared with loxoprofen sodium hydrate. Conclusion Dermopathy with Mohrus® tape is thought to be affected by some substance derived from the tape. Even with loxoprofen sodium hydrate, patches have a stronger effect on the skin than non︱patch applications. This suggests that close attention to itching and inflammation is needed in patients with the dry skin characteristic of elderly people. Further study, for example on the pre︱application of moisturizing agents, is needed to identify appropriate patch sites for transdermal delivery systems. -
難消化性デキストリン含有炭酸飲料の食後血中中性脂肪上昇抑制効果
42巻2号(2014);View Description Hide DescriptionObjective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of indigestible dextrin︱containing carbonated beverage on the postprandial increase in serum triglyceride level. Methods Healthy volunteers(77 subjects)with moderately high fasting serum triglyceride levels(mainly 120︱200 mg╱dL)were enrolled in a randomized, double︱blind, placebo︱controlled, crossover study. Subjects ingested a high︱fat meal (46.1 g fat)together with either a test beverage containing 5 g(as dietary fiber)of indigestible dextrin or a placebo beverage without indigestible dextrin. Serum lipids were determined before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours after the high︱fat meal ingestion. Results The ingestion of test beverage suppressed the postprandial increase in the serum triglyceride level compared to that in the placebo group. The difference was significant from 2 to 4 h following the ingestion(P<0.05). This change was accompanied by a difference in the area under the curve for serum triglyceride levels(1622±49 mg╱h╱dL for test beverage group vs. 1731±46 mg╱h╱dL for placebo group;P=0.031). The increase in the postprandial remnant︱like lipoprotein particle cholesterol level was also suppressed by the ingestion of test beverage (P<0.05). Conclusions The ingestion of indigestible dextrin︱containing carbonated beverage suppresses the increase in the postprandial serum triglyceride and remnant︱like lipoprotein particle cholesterol levels in subjects with moderately high fasting serum triglyceride levels.
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REVIEWS
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BRIEF COMMUNICATION
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機能性ディスペプシア(FD)治療薬アコチアミド塩酸塩水和物のウレアーゼ活性に及ぼす影響―酸分泌抑制薬との比較―
42巻2号(2014);View Description Hide DescriptionObjectives Eradication of Helicobacter pylori (HP)is performed for treatment in patients with peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis who have upper abdominal symptoms. The confirmation of successful HP eradication can be determined using a urea breath test as a marker of the urease activity of HP.Therefore, administering a drug that inhibits urease activity, like lansoprazole, before the diagnostic test of HP eradication is concerned about the possibility that the diagnosis is false︱negative result, and the prescription for these drugs inhibiting urease activity is limited. In this study, we examined the effect of acotiamide hydrochloride hydrate(acotiamide), acid suppressants, nizatidine, a histamine H2 receptor antagonist, and lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, on the urease activity. Methods Test compound solution, urease solution, and HEPES buffer(pH 7.0)were mixed and incubated for 30 min at 37℃. The mix solution was reacted by incubating at 37℃ after addition of urea solution to the mixture. Fifteen minutes later, the reaction was stopped by adding sulfuric acid. Amount of ammonia induced in the reaction solution was quantified using a modified Fujii︱Okuda method. Results Both acotiamide and nizatidine at 1⊠10-3 mol╱L showed a slightly inhibitory effectof urease activity, but did not inhibit in a concentration of 1⊠10-4 mol╱L or less. Both lansoprazole and benzohydroxamic acid(positive control)inhibited urease activity in a concentration︱dependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentrations(IC50 values)of lansoprazole and benzohydroxamic acid on urease activity were estimated to be 4.9⊠10-6 mol╱L and 6.0⊠10-6mol╱L, respectively.Conclusions These results indicate that acotiamide as well as nizatidine has no or little effect on urease activity. It is therefore unlikely that acotiamide affects the diagnostic test after HP eradication in clinical setting.
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