薬理と治療
Volume 42, Issue 6, 2014
Volumes & issues:
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扉・目次
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TOPICS:日常臨床から臨床研究へ/第19回浜名湖臨床薬理セミナー
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- 講演
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- ワークショップ ―ミニレクチャー―
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- 話題提供
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- 講演
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
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胃瘻造設ラットにおける半固形経腸栄養剤EN—P0201 の栄養学的有用性の評価―液状経腸栄養剤OSN—001 との比較―
42巻6号(2014);View Description Hide DescriptionBackground Semi︱solid enteral nutrients are thought to help prevent aspiration pneumonia and diarrhea, because they are retained in the stomach better than the liquid enteral nutrients. Semi︱solid enteral nutrients are also physiologically egested from the stomach by peristaltic movement. However, it is unclear whether semi︱solid enteral nutrients affect the digestion and absorption of nutrient components. Objectives In this study, we investigated that nutritional usefulness of the semi︱solid enteral nutrient EN︱P0201 prepared by adding alginic acid and agar powder to the liquid enteral nutrient OSN︱001. Methods We administered EN︱P0201 or OSN︱001 to 8︱week︱old gastrostomized SD rats for 14 days. Then, we evaluated body weight gain, nitrogen balance, and fat absorption in gastrostomized rats. Results Rats receiving EN︱P0201 gained as much weight as rats receiving OSN︱001;no significant differences were observed in body weight gain and organ weight between the OSN︱001 group and the EN︱P0201 group. No significant differences were observed in nitrogen balance and biological value between the OSN︱001 group and the EN︱P0201 group. No significant differences were observed in serum TP, ALB and some minerals between the OSN︱001 group and the EN︱P0201 group. Conclusions These results suggest that the nutritional usefulness of EN︱P0201 is equivalent to that of OSN︱001. -
半固形経腸栄養剤EN—P0201 は栄養剤の胃—食道逆流防止に有用である―in vitro およびラットにおける実験的研究―
42巻6号(2014);View Description Hide DescriptionBackground The administration of liquid enteral nutrients by gastrostomy can cause diarrhea or aspiration pneumonia due to gastro︱esophageal reflux(GER) of nutrients, because of the poor retention of liquid enteral nutrients in the stomach. Semi︱solid enteral nutrients can induce physiological motion of the digestive tract, so these nutrients are often used to avoid GER complications. Objectives In this study, we investigated the solidity of the semi︱solid enteral nutrient EN︱P0201 in the stomach. We evaluated the incidence of GER and the transition of nutrients from the stomach to the small bowel in rats. Methods First, we assessed the disintegration of EN︱P0201 in artificial gastric acid. Next, we infused each enteral nutrient, mixed with trypan blue, for 30 minutes to 7︱week ︱old gastrostomized SD rats. The rats were then quickly euthanized and the incidence of GER was evaluated based on the presence of dye in the esophagus. The transition of nutrients to the small bowel was calculated by deriving how far along the dye had transitioned as a percentage of the whole small bowel length. Results EN︱P0201 retained its solidity in artificial gastric acid. Rats receiving EN︱P0201 had a significantly lower incidence of GER compared with rats receiving OSN︱001. The transition of nutrients to the small bowel in rats receiving EN︱P0201 was significantly reduced compared with rats receiving OSN︱001. Conclusions These results suggest that the semi︱solid enteral nutrient EN︱P0201 is retained in the stomach and may be useful in the prevention of GER of nutrients. -
L/N 型カルシウム拮抗薬シルニジピンの白血球からの活性酸素放出に対する作用
42巻6号(2014);View Description Hide DescriptionObjective Cilnidipine an L╱N type calcium channel blocker, has been reported to reduce serum lipid peroxide level in patients with essential hypertension. However, the mechanism remains to be incompletely understood. In this study, we examined the effects of cilnidipine on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)release from human polymorphonuclear leukocyte. Methods Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, isolated from healthy volunteers or patients with essential hypertension, were stimulated with phorbol 12︱myristate 13︱acetate(PMA)to measure H2O2 release using a scopoletin method, which was assessed in the presence or absence of each dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers;cilnidipine, amlodipine, nifedipine, nilvadipine and nitrendipine. Results Cilnidipine inhibited PMA︱stimulated H2O2 release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from healthy volunteers in a concentration︱dependent manner(IC50=0.91μM). Amlodipine also inhibited H2O2 release(IC50=6.06μM), whose potency was weaker than that of cilnidipine. On the other hand, nifedipine, nilvadipine and nitrendipine failed to inhibit the H2O2 release(IC50>10μM). Furthermore, cilnidipine inhibited PMA︱stimulated H2O2 release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes in patients with essential hypertension. Conclusions Cilnidipine inhibited PMA︱stimulated H2O2 release from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes more potently than other calcium channel blockers in this study. These findings suggest that cilnidipine may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular complications in patients with essential hypertension through the antioxidative effects by inhibition of reactive oxygen species release.
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REVIEW
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