薬理と治療
Volume 42, Issue 8, 2014
Volumes & issues:
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扉・目次
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TOPICS
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「機能性を持つ農林水産物・食品開発プロジェクト」で農林水産物の機能性評価を高機能食材の普及・啓発につなげる
42巻8号(2014);View Description Hide Description(独)農研機構が実施している「機能性を持つ農林水産物・食品開発プロジェクト」では,現在18の研究課題が進行している。そのなかの一つ,「機能性を持つ農林水産物のデータベースの構築及び個人の健康状態に応じた栄養指導システムの開発」では,農林水産物の機能性評価とそれを用いたデータベースの構築,また,栄養ケアステーションを通した栄養指導システムの開発に取り組んでいる。このプロジェクトに参画している公益財団法人日本健康・栄養食品協会の加藤博氏に,研究課題の概要と,担当している農林水産物の機能性評価について聞いた
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TOPICS:第13回CRCと臨床試験のあり方を考える会議2013 IN 舞浜
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- シンポジウム5 /臨床試験に患者さんは何を期待しているのか-患者さんの声を聞いて,みんなで何ができるか考えてみよう
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Book Review
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
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ロキソプロフェン誘起小腸傷害に対するプロバイオティクス製剤の効果
42巻8号(2014);View Description Hide DescriptionNon︱steroidal anti︱inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)are among the most commonly prescribed medications worldwide, but cause damage in the small intestine as well as stomach. Probiotic preparations, especially containing live lactic acid bacteria, have been used for treatment of bowel disturbances such as diarrhea and constipation. In the present study, we examined the effect of various probiotic preparations on the development of intestinal lesions induced in rats by loxoprofen, a NSAID frequently used in Asian countries. The single oral administration of loxoprofen(60 mg╱kg)caused severe intestinal lesions, accompanied by the increase in myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity and inducible nitric oxide(iNOS)mRNA expression. The pretreatment with various lactic acid︱producing probiotic preparations such as Lactomin preparation, Bifidobacterium preparation, and Lactobacillus casei preparation for 7 days significantly suppressed the severity of loxoprofen︱induced intestinal lesions. However, the pretreatment with Butyric acid bacteria preparation, failed to prevent these lesions. The increase in MPO activity and iNOS mRNA expression induced by loxoprofen was also significantly suppressed by the pretreatment with probiotic preparations of Lactomin, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus casei, but not Butyric acid bacteria. Likewise, repeated oral administration of loxoprofen(30 mg╱kg)for 3 days similarly caused severe intestinal lesions, accompanied by the increase in MPO activity, and these responses were significantly attenuated by twice︱daily administration of Lactomin preparation. These findings suggest that probiotic preparations of Lactomin, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus casei prevent loxoprofen︱induced intestinal lesions. This action may be mediated by the suppression of neutrophil infiltration and iNOS induction, probably via controlling intestinal flora. Thus, lactic acid︱producing probiotic preparations may be useful for preventing NSAID︱induced small intestinal lesions. -
変形性膝関節症由来関節滑膜細胞のマトリックス分解酵素産生に及ぼすグルコサミンの効果
42巻8号(2014);View Description Hide DescriptionObjective The present study was designed to examine the influence of glucosamine hydrochloride(GH)on the ability of synoviocytes to produce matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)in response to osteopontin(OPN)stimulation in vitro. Methods Synoviocytes(5⊠105 cells╱mL)derived from osteoarthritis patients were stimulated with 330 ng╱mL OPN in the presence of various concentrations of GH for 24 hours. The levels of both MMPs(MMP︱1, ︱2 and︱13)and TIMPs(TIMP︱1, and︱2)in culture supernatants was examined by ELISA. To examine the influence of GH on transcription factor, NF︱κB, activation and mRNA expression for MMPs and TIMPs, synoviocytes(5⊠105 cells╱mL)were also cultured in a similar manner for 4 and 12 hours, respectively. The levels of NF︱κB activation was examined by ELISA. mRNA expression was examined by real︱time RT︱PCR. Results Addition of GH at more than 1.0 mg╱mL into cell cultures suppressed dose dependently the production of MMP︱1, ︱2, and︱13 from synoviocytes after OPN stimulation. Although GH also suppressed the ability of synoviocytes to produce TIMP︱1 and︱2 in response to OPN stimulation, the minimum concentration that caused significant suppression was 1.5 mg╱mL. GH inhibited mRNA expression for both MMPs and TIMPs through the suppression of NF︱κB activation, which were increased by OPN stimulation in synoviocytes. Conclusion These results strongly suggest that GH favorably modify the clinical condition of osteoarthritis patients through the suppression of MMPs and TIMPs production from synoviocytes. -
視機能低下を自覚する中高年者における視力ならびに視覚関連QOLに対するルテイン含有サプリメントの効果
42巻8号(2014);View Description Hide DescriptionObjectives To study the potential of lutein︱containing supplement to improve visual acuity (VA)and╱or vision︱related quality of life(VRQOL)in a randomized, double︱blind, placebo︱ controlled trial with the healthy elderly aged 50 to 70 years who complained of subjective vision symptoms. Methods Seventeen each subjects were allocated to placebo(placebo group)and lutein︱containing supplement(lutein group). Lutein︱containing supplement was taken orally for 6 weeks in a daily dose of 1320 mg(30 mg as lutein). Before the start and after the end of 6︱week intervention, all subjects underwent determinations of best︱spectacle corrected VA(BCVA)and examinations of VRQOL based on vision symptom VAS scores for efficacy evaluation. Results Intervention with lutein︱containing supplement significantly increased BCVA of both eyes(in within︱ group comparison), whereas placebo showed a similar effect on only the right︱ side eye without any effect on the left︱side eye. For VRQOL, significant improvement was observed in lutein group but was not in placebo group(in within︱group comparison). Conclusions Lutein︱containing supplement is considered to have beneficial effects on the elderly with complaint of depressed VRQOL.
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