Volume 42,
Issue 12,
2014
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扉・目次
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Source:
薬理と治療 42巻12号, 899-901 (2014);
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
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Source:
薬理と治療 42巻12号, 915-921 (2014);
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Background Constipation is a common disease which is frequent among the daily life. Several types of medicines are used for the treatment of constipation, including the Kampo medicine. Here we examined the effects of Junchoto(JCT), which is empirically prescribed in Japan for the treatment of chronic constipation, on constipation in rats and clarified the action mechanism. Methods JCT(300 and 1000 mg╱kg)was orally administered to normal and codeine phosphate ︱induced constipation model rats, and the defecation response was evaluated. The action of JCT on the chloride channel was also assayed. Results JCT dose︱dependently increased the number and dry weight of feces in both the normal and codeine phosphate︱induced constipation model rats. JCT also stimulated the secretion of fluid in the small intestine and accelerated the small bowel transit. The activity of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR), a chloride channel, was increased by the JCT treatment. Conclusion These results suggest that JCT improves constipation by increasing the secretion of fluid and transit in the small intestine, which may be mediated by the activation of CFTR in the intestinal apical cell membrane.
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Source:
薬理と治療 42巻12号, 923-939 (2014);
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Ipragliflozin is a selective sodium╱glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2)inhibitor and shows insulin -independent glycemic control effect by enhancing urinary glucose excretion. We examined the efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin 50 mg(increased dose 100 mg)once daily for 52 weeks in combination with an α-glucosidase inhibitor(α-GI)in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have inadequate glycemic control with an α-GI alone. 113 patients were administered ipragliflozin 50 mg╱day additionally, and then 57 patients were continued with 50 mg and 42 patients were increased to 100 mg after 20 weeks. The changes from baseline(mean±SD)in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose(FPG)and body weight indicated significant reduction of -0.82±0.712%(P<0.001), -35.7±29.95 mg╱dL(P<0.001)and -2.78±2.321 kg(P<0.001)at Week 52(LOCF:Last Observation Carried Forward), respectively. Ipragliflozin exerted a glycemic control effect from 2 weeks after administration and lasted until the end of treatment. After increased to 100 mg at Week 20, mean changes in FPG and HbA1c levels were further decreased, and the percentage of patients with an HbA1c level<7.0% increased. The overall incidence of adverse events(AEs)and drug-related AEs were 77.0% and 33.6%, respectively and the majority of them were mild or moderate in severity. The most common AEs were nasopharyngitis (40.7%), pollakiuria (8.8%), thirst(7.1%), back pain(6.2%)and constipation (5.3%). These results indicate that ipragliflozin is effective for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have inadequate glycemic control with an α-GI alone and its safety is also confirmed.
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Source:
薬理と治療 42巻12号, 941-957 (2014);
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Ipragliflozin is a selective sodium╱glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2)inhibitor and shows insulin-independent glycemic control effect by enhancing urinary glucose excretion. We examined the efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin 50 mg(increased dose 100 mg)once daily for 52 weeks in combination with dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4)inhibitor in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have inadequate glycemic control with a DPP-4 inhibitor alone. 106 patients were administered ipragliflozin 50 mg╱day additionally, and then 64 patients were continued with 50 mg and 35 patients were increased to 100 mg after 20 weeks. The changes from baseline(mean±SD)in hemoglobin(Hb)A1c, fasting plasma glucose(FPG) and body weight indicated significant reduction of -0.81±0.617% (P<0.001), -34.1±27.55 mg╱dL(P<0.001)and -2.70±2.427 kg(P<0.001)at Week 52(LOCF:Last Observation Carried Forward), respectively. Ipragliflozin exerted a glycemic control effect from 2 weeks after administration and lasted until the end of treatment. After increased to 100 mg at Week 20, mean changes in FPG and HbA1c levels were further decreased, and the percentage of patients with an HbA1c level <7.0% increased. The overall incidence of adverse events (AEs) and drug-related AEs were 83.0% and 43.4%, respectively and the majority of them were mild or moderate in severity. The most common AEs were nasopharyngitis(49.1%), pollakiuria(16.0%), back pain(9.4%)and constipation (6.6%). These results indicate that ipragliflozin is effective for patients with type 2 diabetes melli-tus who have inadequate glycemic control with a DPP-4 inhibitor alone and its safety is also confirmed.
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Source:
薬理と治療 42巻12号, 959-975 (2014);
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Ipragliflozin is a selective sodium╱glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2)inhibitor and shows insulin -independent glycemic control effect by enhancing urinary glucose excretion. We examined the efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin 50 mg(increased dose 100 mg)once daily for 52 weeks in combination with nateglinide in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have inadequate glycemic control with nateglinide alone. 122 patients were administered ipragliflozin 50 mg╱day additionally, and then 70 patients were continued with 50 mg and 47 patients were increased to 100 mg after 20 weeks. The changes from baseline(mean±SD)in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose(FPG)and body weight indicated significant reduction of -0.75±0.720%(P<0.001), -31.1±33.27 mg╱dL(P<0.001)and -2.41±2.538 kg(P<0.001)at Week 52(LOCF:Last Observation Carried Forward), respectively. Ipragliflozin exerted a glycemic control effect from 2 weeks after administration and lasted until the end of treatment. After increased to 100 mg at Week 20, mean changes in FPG and HbA1c levels were further decreased, and the percentage of patients with an HbA1c level<7.0% increased. The overall incidence of adverse events(AEs)and drug-related AEs were 86.9% and 28.7%, respectively and the majority of them were mild or moderate in severity. The most common AEs were nasopharyngitis(34.4%), bronchitis(7.4%), pollakiuria(7.4%), thirst(6.6%), contusion(6.6%)and back pain(6.6%). These results indicate that ipragliflozin is effective for patients with type 2 diabetes melli-tus who have inadequate glycemic control with nateglinide alone and its safety is also confirmed.
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Source:
薬理と治療 42巻12号, 977-984 (2014);
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Background “Hie︱sho”is a medical condition characterized by an often intolerable feeling of coldness or chill of unknown origin occurring in some body sites, particularly the waist and extremities. As some ingredients of garlic and ginger have been considered to be effective in relieving this medical condition, we tested a commercial product of dietary supplement containing ingredients of both garlic and ginger(GG diet)for its potential for increasing temperature and blood flow of the finger skin tissue, as well as for enhancing their recovery rate from the cold exposure, in women with“Hie︱sho”. Methods A randomized, double︱blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 32 subjects, who randomly assigned to receive either GG diet or placebo once daily for 8 weeks. The GG diet contained (in a daily dose)453 mg of garlic powder, 90 mg of 25% garlic sprout extract and 69 mg of 50% ginger extract. The finger skin temperature and blood flow were measured by the use of an infrared thermograph and a laser speckle blood flow imager, respectively. At week 0(baseline)and at weeks 4 and 8, all subjects were measured for their finger skin temperature and blood flow 4 minutes prior to the start, as well as immediately and 10 minutes following the end, of local exposure to the coldness(15℃ cold water)of the finger. Results GG diet intake for 8 weeks slightly but significantly increased finger skin temperature without any effect on the local blood flow. Moreover, the rewarming rate of the cooled finger was significantly enhanced in the GG diet group but not in the placebo group after 8 weeks of intervention. Intake of GG diet did not cause any untoward side effect. Conclusions GG diet is considered to have beneficial effects on women with complaint of “Hie︱sho”.
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Source:
薬理と治療 42巻12号, 985-993 (2014);
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Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of indigestible dextrin-containing carbonated beverage on the postprandial increase in serum trigriceride level in subjects with moderately high fasting serum triglyceride levels. Methods Volunteers(90 subjects)with their fasting serum triglyceride levels of 110 -219 mg╱dL were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Subjects ingested a high︱fat meal(42.2 g fat)together with either a test beverage containing 5 g(as dietary fiber)of indigestible dextrin or a placebo beverage without indigestible dextrin. Serum lipids were determined before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours after the high-fat meal ingestion. Results The ingestion of test beverage suppressed the postprandial increase in the serum triglyceride level compared to that in the placebo group. The difference was significant from 1 through 3 and 5 and 6 h following the ingestion(P<0.05). This change was accompanied by a difference in the area under the curve(AUC)for serum triglyceride levels(mean±SE:1648 ±53 mg╱h╱dL for test beverage group vs. 1747±57 mg╱h╱dL for placebo group;P=0.027). The increase in the postprandial remnant︱like lipoprotein particle cholesterol level was also suppressed by the ingestion of test beverage(change in AUC of 29.9±1.4 mg・ h╱dL vs. 33.5 ±1.5 mg・h╱dL for placebo, P=0.006). Conclusions The ingestion of indigestible dextrin︱containing carbonated beverage suppresses the increase in the postprandial serum triglyceride and remnant︱like lipoprotein particle cholesterol levels in subjects with moderately high fasting serum triglyceride levels.
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Source:
薬理と治療 42巻12号, 995-1004 (2014);
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Objective Effects of fish︱derived collagen peptide(FCP)on skin properties were investigated. Methods Placebo︱controlled double︱blind trial was conducted in Japanese women(35-65 years of age)with dry and saggy face skin. They ingested 5 g of placebo or FCP for 8 weeks, and skin properties and subjective feeling of skin conditions were examined before and after ingestion for 4 and 8 weeks. Results Decrease of wrinkle number was significantly larger(P=0.034)in the FCP group than in the placebo group at 8 weeks by sub︱group analysis. In women with dry face skin, texture improved significantly(P=0.010)in the FCP group than in the placebo group, and number of red areas showed tendency of improvement(P=0.054)at 8 weeks in the FCP group compared to the placebo group. Inter-group significant difference(P=0.008)was observed for subjective feeling of skin conditions at 8 weeks. Conclusions Ingestion of FCP improves skin properties and subjective feeling of skin conditions.
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Source:
薬理と治療 42巻12号, 1005-1014 (2014);
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Objectives Little is known about the health hazards indirectly caused by complementary and alternative medicine in Japan. The objectives of our study are to examine the prevalence of such indirect health hazards, identify the measures to decrease the number of the indirect health hazards, and contribute our results to a more comprehensive understanding of indirect health hazards in Japan. Methods We reviewed and classified the concepts of health hazards. From 29 March to 1 April 2013, we conducted an internet︱based questionnaire survey that targeted patients of the main diseases and covered the major therapies and commodities of complementary and alternative medicine. Results Ninety︱seven(9.6%)of the total 1,011 respondents experienced the indirect health hazards(i. e., health hazards caused by losing their chance to receive appropriate and timely medical care while they received complementary and alternative medical care). Forty-three(15.1%)of the 285 respondents who used certain therapies or commodities had the same experience. The top three reasons for the experience included:(1)therapists being good at explaining about the therapy,( 2)therapists having an overpowering demeanor, and(3)the advertisement of the commodities being highly attractive. The top solution suggested to decrease the number of the indirect health hazards was changing administrative measures. A multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that none of the therapies and commodities were not significantly associated with the indirect health hazards.
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REVIEW
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Source:
薬理と治療 42巻12号, 1017-1026 (2014);
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Hemostats play an important role in all surgical procedures, and directly correlate to their outcomes. A lot of hemostats, including sealants and adhesives, are being currently utilized, and novel materials with different mechanism from present hemostats are being developed. However, there are few, if any, clinical prospective and randomized trials to demonstrate their efficacy and safety in all hemostats. Although surgeons considerably depends upon their own experiences at the usage, they need to exactly understand each characteristics of hemostats, not only for ability to stem bleeding, but also for safety. In this review, current used hemostats in Japan are grouped into 7 category, which includes fibrin, collagen, gelatin, cellulose, glutaraldehyde, polysaccharide, and polymer based materials. Recently, population ageing related to tendency of bleeding and novel oral anticoagulants complicate hemostasis in surgery. In order to adequately adapt the difficulties, updated information of hemostats and future perspectives are provided.
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TOPIC
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Source:
薬理と治療 42巻12号, 1027-1028 (2014);
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厚生労働省は2014 年12 月5 日,インフルエンザの流行期に入ったと発表した。2013年より約3 週間早いとされ,より早期のより万全な予防対策が求められている。インフルエンザ流行時期に向け,例年,塩野義製薬株式会社主催で開かれているプレスセミナーが今年も行われた。2014 年1 月に札幌市で発見された抗インフルエンザ薬耐性ウイルスが問題となったことを受けて,セミナーは「基礎と臨床の両面から考える抗インフルエンザ薬耐性ウイルスの特徴と対策について」と題され,基礎から齋藤玲子氏(新潟大学大学院医歯学総合研究科国際保健学分野教授),臨床から賀来満夫氏(東北大学大学院医学系研究科感染制御・検査診断学教授)が招かれた。両講演の概要を示す。
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INFORMATION
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Source:
薬理と治療 42巻12号, 1029-1034 (2014);
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Source:
薬理と治療 42巻12号, 1037-1047 (2014);
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