Volume 44,
Issue 11,
2016
-
扉・目次
-
-
Source:
薬理と治療 44巻11号, 1543-1544 (2016);
View Description
Hide Description
-
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
-
-
Source:
薬理と治療 44巻11号, 1559-1565 (2016);
View Description
Hide Description
Objectives Previous study has suggested that resistant maltodextrin(FS-2) suppresses postprandial blood triglyceride elevation and its mechanism of action due to an inhibition of lipid absorption. Hydrogenated resistant maltodextrin(FS-2H)has been developed by reduction of FS-2. Therefore, FS-2H may have some effects similar to FS-2. In this study, we evaluated whether FS-2H increases lipid excretion into feces through impaired micelle stabilization. Methods For fecal excretion of lipid, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed the high fat diet containing 2.5% and 5% FS-2H or FS-2 for 2 weeks. Feces were collected during the last 2 days and fecal lipids were extracted. Fecal triglyceride and total-cholesterol were measured. To see effects of FS-2H and FS-2 on micelle formation, micelle was prepared with fatty acid and bile acid. The micelle solution was left at 37℃ for 0, 60, 120, and 180 min in the presence or absence of fibers. Absorbance at 500 nm and average particle diameter of the micelle emulsion were measured. For lipase activity, lipid emulsion containing lipase was mixed with FS-2H or FS-2. Free fatty acid which was released from the lipid emulsion was measured. Results Fecal lipid excretion was significantly higher in FS-2H fed rats compared to those fed FS-2. Both FS-2H and FS-2 suppressed the reduction of absorbance at 500 nm and average particle diameter of lipid emulsion. No inhibition was found in lipase activity. Conclusions FS-2H showed enhanced fecal lipid excretion partly through the micelle stability, indicating that like FS-2 may be beneficial to regulate lipid absorption.
-
Source:
薬理と治療 44巻11号, 1567-1580 (2016);
View Description
Hide Description
Background The safety and efficacy of cilnidipine have not been investigated in a large number of post-stroke hypertensive patients. Method Post-marketing surveillance of cilnidipine was conducted in nearly 3000 post-stroke hypertensive patients from May 2011 to June 2013. Results In 2667 patients matched to the criteria of this surveillance protocol, the average age was 69.0 years, and 60.4% were males. The clinical subtype of stroke was cerebral infarction in 80.6% of patients, cerebral hemorrhage in 12.7%, and subarachnoid hemorrhage in 8.4%. The incidence of side effects was 2.6% during one year of observation on cilnidipine treatment. The percentage of patients with well-controlled blood pressure defined by both clinic and morning home readings was 11.2%, using an angiotensin receptor blocker alone, and increased to 43.7%(P<0.01)in combination with cilnidipine. Cilnidipine improved the ratio of morning (predominantly)hypertension, defined as the morning and evening blood pressure at home, from 17.8% to 4.8%(P<0.01). In summer, the home systolic blood pressure(MHSBP)was 142.2±17.7 mmHg before cilnidipine, and in winter, it was 150.2±16.2 mmHg. MHSBP in winter was higher than that in summer(P<0.01). In the winter following the first year, MHSBP was 135.3±11.7 mmHg(P<0.05). Conclusion Cilnidipine well controlled not only morning home blood pressure, a strong risk factor for stroke recurrence, but diurnal variation of blood pressure. Many patients in this surveillance had lifestyle-related risk factors(smoking and obese). In managing these patients, consideration about seasonal variation of morning home blood pressure and lifestyle improvement instruction will be important.
-
Source:
薬理と治療 44巻11号, 1581-1587 (2016);
View Description
Hide Description
Objectives The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of beverage containing barley β-glucan syrup with lower molecular weight(10 kDa)on postprandial glucose response and its second-meal effect. Methods The study was conducted in randomized crossover design with eleven healthy subjects whose fasting blood glucose was normal level. Subjects consumed test beverage at 9 am and blood glucose and insulin levels were measured for 120 min after the beverage intake. For a subsequent lunch after 4 h, they consumed cooked white rice and blood glucose and insulin levels were measured for 120 min after the lunch. Results Significant difference in blood glucose levels and glucose incremental areas under the curve(IAUC)(0-120 min)after ingestion were not observed between test and control groups. On the other hand, test beverage containing barley β-glucan syrup lowered the blood glucose levels and glucose incremental areas under the curve(IAUC)(0-120 min)at a subsequent lunch(P<0.05). The blood insulin levels were not changed after ingestion of the test beverage after intake and at a subsequent lunch. Conclusions These findings suggested that beverage containing barley β-glucan syrup with lower molecular weight did not contribute to postprandial glucose response, but contributed to its second-meal effect. The present study suggested that beverage containing barley β-glucan syrup with lower molecular weight has potential to an advantage for diabetes care.
-
Source:
薬理と治療 44巻11号, 1589-1599 (2016);
View Description
Hide Description
Objectives The aim of this study was to clarify whether long time ingestion of fermented milk containing SC-2 lactic acid bacteria, collagen hydrolysates and sphingomyelin increase minimal erythema dose(MED)and skin colors after ultraviolet(UV)radiation in healthy human subjects. Methods A randomized, double -blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out for 70 Japanese women. Subjects ingested the active drink(fermented milk containing SC-2 lactic acid bacteria, collagen hydrolysates, and sphingomyelin)or the placebo drink(skim milk)for 42 days. MED and skin colors were analyzed before and after the ingestion of test drink. Results The change of MED before and after the ingestion was significantly increased in the group fed active drink as compared with the group fed placebo drink in Skin phototypeⅡ subjects, although the change of MED was not different between the groups in Skin phototype Ⅲ subjects. The change of skin colors(delta a* and delta L* )was not different between the groups. Conclusions These results suggested that long time ingestion of fermented milk containing SC-2 lactic acid bacteria, collagen hydrolysates, and sphingomyelin increased MED in subjects whose skin caused moderate sunburn, and sun turn after UV radiation.
-
Source:
薬理と治療 44巻11号, 1601-1612 (2016);
View Description
Hide Description
Objective The present study aimed at investigating the effects of newly developed Miso with potent ACE inhibition on blood pressure and its safety in 39 subjects aged 20-65 years with normotension or stage- hypertension along with conventional Shinshu Miso. Methods A double-blind parallel-group study was conducted, and the subjects were allocated into newly developed Miso(N)or Shinshu Miso(C). They were served two cups of Miso soup a day(32 g Miso; 3.7-3.8 g salt). Blood pressure and the changes of metabolism were investigated. Results N group tended to decrease blood pressures throughout the study while consuming 3.8 g more salt due to the Miso soup. In N group, Ccr significantly decreased within the normal range. The Miso did not influence lipid and glucose metabolism. In C group blood pressure was unchanged with the Miso intake. Neither LDL-cholesterol nor triglyceride was changed. Interestingly, hANP was slightly increased in C Miso. Conclusions This is the first intervention trial in humans suggesting that long-term Miso intake with salt intake does not increase blood pressures and that some antihypertensive constituents occur in Miso as reported in our previous animal studies. hANP increase might be related to natriuresis of Shinshu Miso reported.
-
Source:
薬理と治療 44巻11号, 1613-1619 (2016);
View Description
Hide Description
Objectives We developed a fermented tea by mixing loquat leaves and third crop green tea leaves at the level of 1:9. We investigated whether the fermented tea affects postprandial blood glucose levels in healthy volunteers. Methods Test was performed by a single-blind titration method. Low and high concentration fermented tea beverages were prepared by extracting 2 g and 3 g fermented tea leaves, respectively, with 200 mL hot water. Fifty subjects consumed placebo beverage, low concentration fermented tea beverage and high concentration fermented tea beverage, followed by a carbohydrate loading diet, and the levels of blood glucose were measured after 30, 60, and 120 min. Results Feeding the high concentration fermented tea beverage showed the tendency to suppress the elevation of postprandial blood glucose levels. The suppression was significant at 30 min in subjects who exhibited higher increment of blood glucose levels after meals, compared to feeding the placebo beverage. Conclusions These results suggested that the fermented tea made from loquat leaves and green tea leaves has suppressive effect on the elevation of postprandial blood glucose levels.
-
Source:
薬理と治療 44巻11号, 1621-1626 (2016);
View Description
Hide Description
The aim of this study was to elucidate beneficial effect of Cladosiphon okamuranus fucoidan drink on healthy subjects with mild constipation. Volunteers(n=66; 17 male, 49 female; 44.5±8.6 years[mean±SD])were randomly divided into two groups and given 500 mg of fucoidan containing drink or placebo daily for 2 weeks in a double-blind crossover study. Each subject ingested 1 bottle of fucoidan per day for 2 weeks during the test period and 1 bottle of placebo caramel-water per day for 2 weeks during the placebo period. The result of this study showed that the ingestion of fucoidan increased significantly the defecation number of day and stool frequency(P<0.05)during ingesting period compared with those of placebo. The findings indicate that Cladosiphon okamuranus fucoidan containing drink increases in the number of days with defecation, stool frequency and improves mild constipation.
-
Source:
薬理と治療 44巻11号, 1629-1638 (2016);
View Description
Hide Description
Objectives We carried out a randomized, double-blind crossover study to investigate the effect of beverage containing resistant hydrogenated starch hydrolysate on the postprandial serum triglyceride. Methods The subjects were 90 healthy volunteers(fasting serum triglyceride: 120-199 mg╱dL)and randomly divided into two groups. They ingested the test beverage containing resistant hydrogenated starch hydrolysate(5 g)or the beverage without resistant hydrogenated starch hydrolysate(placebo)together with a fat-rich meal(lipid: 40.9 g). Blood samples were drawn before and 2, 3, 4 and 6 hours after ingestion, and the serum triglyceride was measured. Results In comparison with the placebo beverage, the test beverage significantly lowered the postprandial serum triglyceride at 2, 3, 4 and 6 hours after ingestion of the test beverage(2, 4 and 6 hours, P<0.05; 3 hours, P<0.01). Conclusion These results indicated that the carbonated beverage containing resistant hydrogenated starch hydrolysate has inhibitory effect on the elevation of postprandial serum triglyceride.
-
Source:
薬理と治療 44巻11号, 1639-1644 (2016);
View Description
Hide Description
Objective We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind study to evaluate the safety of excessive intake of γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)in healthy subjects. Methods 30 subjects(18 males and 12 females)were randomly divided into two groups. Each group ingested the test capsule containing 1 g of GABA or the placebo capsule containing 1 g of dextrin for 4 consecutive weeks. Results There were no adverse effects in the blood examinations and physical examinations. Conclusion These results suggested the safety of excessive intake of GABA when taken daily for 4 consecutive weeks by healthy subjects.
-
Source:
薬理と治療 44巻11号, 1645-1653 (2016);
View Description
Hide Description
目的 本研究は,健常者を対象ににんにく卵黄含有サプリメントの摂取が血中脂質に及ぼす影響をランダム化プラセボ対照二重盲検並行群間比較試験にて検証した。方法医師の判断によりLDL-コレステロール値が120~139 mg╱dL の範囲にある成人日本人男女56 名を選抜した。試験参加者を,にんにく卵黄(GE)群に28 名,プラセボ(P)群に28 名と無作為に割り付けた。試験参加者は試験食品を1 日3 粒,12 週間摂取した。摂取前,摂取6 週後,摂取12 週後に身体測定・理学検査,内科的検査,末梢血液検査,尿検査,自覚症状により血中脂質に及ぼす影響を評価した。結果 全試験参加者56 名のうち,自己都合による脱落および生活状況の変化により,GE 群では9 名,P 群では10 名を解析対象から除外した。よって,最終解析対象はGE 群では計19 名,P 群では計18 名であった。試験食品摂取6 週後において,P 群と比較してGE 群のHDL-コレステロール値は有意に高く(P=0.030),LDL╱HDL 比は有意に低値を示した(P=0.018)。また,BMI は減少傾向を示した(P=0.097)。試験食品摂取12 週後においては,P 群と比較してGE 群のLDL-コレステロール値は有意に低く(P=0.039),総コレステロール値は低下傾向を示した(P=0.085)。さらに,安全性評価項目として設定した,収縮期血圧,拡張期血圧,心拍数の測定,尿検査,血液検査においては試験食品摂取に伴う医学的に問題のある変化は認められなかった。結論 ヒトがにんにく卵黄含有サプリメントを12週間継続摂取することで,血中LDL-コレステロール値は減少することが明らかとなった。また,安全性についても医学的に問題がないと裏づけられた。【利益相反】本試験食品は㈱てまひま堂により提供された。試験実施は㈱てまひま堂より㈱オルトメディコに委託され,㈱オルトメディコと医療法人社団盛心会タカラクリニックにて行われた。
-
Source:
薬理と治療 44巻11号, 1655-1664 (2016);
View Description
Hide Description
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of excessive intake of the food containing olive and grape seed polyphenols in healthy adults. Methods Forty-eight healthy adults(24 males and 24 females; mean age, 46.7±13.2 years) were enrolled in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Subjects were randomly assigned to the test food group(250 mg of olive extract containing 30 mg of hydroxytyrosol, 375 mg of grape seed oligomeric proanthocyanidins)or the placebo group and ingested daily for 4 weeks. The incidence and severity of side effects or adverse events were monitored during the study period. Results No side effect was observed in both groups. Adverse events were observed in 8.7% of the subjects in the test food group and 29.2% in the placebo group. No clinically significant changes were observed in laboratory testing(blood biochemistry, hematology, and urinalysis) as well as in physical measurements in both groups throughout the intervention. Conclusions Daily ingestion of excessive amounts of the food rich in olive and grape seed polyphenols for 4 weeks was safe in humans.
-
INFORMATION
-
-
Source:
薬理と治療 44巻11号, 1665-1666 (2016);
View Description
Hide Description
-
Source:
薬理と治療 44巻11号, 1669-1672 (2016);
View Description
Hide Description
-
Source:
薬理と治療 44巻11号, 1675-1685 (2016);
View Description
Hide Description
-
Source:
薬理と治療 44巻11号, 1687-1690 (2016);
View Description
Hide Description