Volume 45,
Issue 12,
2017
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扉・目次
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Source:
薬理と治療 45巻12号, 1891-1893 (2017);
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TOPICS
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Source:
薬理と治療 45巻12号, 1895-1904 (2017);
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Source:
薬理と治療 45巻12号, 1905-1910 (2017);
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薬理と治療 45巻12号, 1911-1916 (2017);
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
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Source:
薬理と治療 45巻12号, 1919-1926 (2017);
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目的 腰部脊柱管狭窄モデルとしてラット馬尾神経圧迫による歩行障害モデルを用いて,ワクシニアウイルス接種家兎炎症皮膚抽出液(ノイロトロピン(R))の歩行障害および馬尾血流量低下に対する効果を検討した。方法雄性Crlj: WI ラットのL4 およびL6 の脊柱管内それぞれにシリコンラバーを挿入して脊柱管狭窄モデルラットを作製した。歩行距離は,トレッドミルを用いて,速度を10 m/min から3 分間隔で5 m/min 単位で上昇させ,最大速度60 m/min まで歩行させた。モデル作製前,モデル作製後1,2,3,5,7 および14 日に測定した。馬尾血流量は,レーザードプラー血流計を用いて,モデル作製後15 日(最終投与の翌日)に測定した。薬物は,モデル作製後3 日の歩行距離をもとに群分けした後,1 日2 回で12 日間経口投与した。結果 対照群では,歩行距離,歩行距離の曲線下面積(AUC3‒14day)および馬尾血流量が,Sham 群と比較していずれも有意に低値を示した。リマプロストアルファデクス群では,リマプロストとして300μg/kg×2 回/日で連日経口投与することにより,モデル作製後5 および14 日の歩行距離および歩行距離のAUC,モデル作製後15 日の馬尾血流量が対照群と比較していずれも有意に高値を示した。ノイロトロピンは,低用量(100 NU/kg×2 回/日)を連日経口投与しても,歩行距離,歩行距離のAUCおよび馬尾血流量のいずれも対照群と比較して有意な差はみられなかった。一方,高用量(200 NU/kg×2 回/日)を反復経口投与することにより,モデル作製後7 および14 日の歩行距離および歩行距離のAUC3‒14day,モデル作製後15 日の馬尾血流量が対照群と比較していずれも有意に高値を示した。結論 ノイロトロピンはラットの脊柱管狭窄モデルにおいて歩行距離の低下および馬尾血流量の低下を改善したことから,ノイロトロピンが臨床における脊柱管狭窄症の治療に有用である可能性が示唆された。
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Source:
薬理と治療 45巻12号, 1927-1934 (2017);
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Objective Acacia mearnsii bark contains acacia polyphenols, which are a complex mixture of proanthocyanidins mainly composed of 5︱deoxycatechin units. An aim of study was to evaluate the safety of acacia bark extract(Acacia Polyphenol)in humans. Methods An overdose study was conducted with volunteers who were randomized to the acacia group(1875 mg of acacia bark extract daily for 4 weeks, n=14, 48.7±12.3 years), or the placebo group(n=15, 48.1±9.7 years)in a double︱blind, parallel study. Results The study showed that no abnormality in the medical questions, vital sign, hematological analyses, blood biochemistry tests, urinary analyses. The result of this study showed that there were no adverse side effects. Conclusion The safety and acceptability of acacia bark extract, mainly composed of proanthocyanidins, in humans is exceedingly high.
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薬理と治療 45巻12号, 1935-1945 (2017);
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We recently developed a new water-soluble dietary fiber, resistant glucan(RG). RG was obtained by heating glucose syrup with activated carbon, followed by enzymatic treatment and fractionation of dietary fiber. We studied RG utilization by intestinal bacteria, and the effect of RG on bowel movement. We found that RG is utilized by major species of human intestinal microflora, such as Bifidobacterium sp. and Bacteroides sp. Because RG was expected to improve intestinal function, 5 g╱day RG(dry solid basis)was administrated for 2 weeks to 70 subjects who tended to be constipated. The study was designed as a randomized, double︱blinded, and placebo-controlled parallel-group trial. Each subject received RG or placebo(maltodextrin)for 2 weeks. RG ingestion significantly increased defecation frequency(P<0.05)during the trial. The number of defecation days showed a tendency to increase(P<0.10)during RG ingestion. Therefore, our findings indicate that RG may promote the improvement of bowel movement.
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薬理と治療 45巻12号, 1947-1962 (2017);
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目的 本研究は,便秘傾向にある健常者を対象にLactobacillus casei 含有飲料の摂取が腸内環境や便の性状に与える影響をランダム化プラセボ対照二重盲検並行群間比較試験にて検証した。方法試験責任医師の判断により,摂取前検査の腸内フローラ検査でLactobacillales 目の占有率が低く,排便回数が少ない成人日本人男女44 名を選抜した。試験参加者を,被験飲料群(WY 群),プラセボ群(P 群)に22 名ずつ割り付け,被験飲料またはプラセボ飲料を1 日1 本,2 週間摂取させた。摂取前,摂取1 週間後,摂取2 週間後に腸内細菌叢をterminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T︱RFLP)法を用いて調査し,便秘の自覚症状はCAS︱MT を用いて,便の形状は便形スケールを用いて評価した。排便頻度については,排便があった際に日誌に記入させた。また,安全性評価として身体測定・理学検査,内科的検査,末梢血液検査,尿検査についても評価した。結果全試験参加者44 名のうち,自己都合によって1 名が脱落し,最終解析対象はWY 群が22 名,P 群が21 名であった。試験飲料摂取後の腸内細菌叢の占有率について,P 群と比較してWY 群のPrevotella は有意に低値(P=0.042),Clostridium subcluster ⅩⅣa は有意に高値(P=0.042)を示し,自覚するお腹の張り(P=0.015)が有意に軽減した。さらに,安全性評価では試験飲料の摂取に伴う医学的に問題のある変化は認められなかった。結論 L. casei 菌含有飲料の2 週間継続摂取は排便が週2~5 回の健常な日本人成人男女に対して,Prevotella の占有率を低下およびClostridium subcluster ⅩⅣa の占有率を上昇させることで,腸管内の環境を整え,排便を促す可能性があった。
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Source:
薬理と治療 45巻12号, 1967-1975 (2017);
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Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-fatigue and anti-stress effects associated with the ingestion of ripe kumquats in healthy adults. Methods In a randomization open-label, non-eating simultaneous control comparison group study, healthy subjects were assigned to 2 groups(5 kumquats ingested per day for 4 weeks or not ingested). The primary endpoint was total score on the Chalder fatigue scale, and the secondary endpoints were visual analogue scale(VAS)score, health-related quality of life(QOL), symptom score of upper respiratory tract infection(URTI), and adverse events. All tests were assessed at 0 weeks(baseline), 4 weeks and 8 weeks after ingestion of kumquats, but the symptom score of URTI and adverse events were assessed for all test periods. Results There were significantly improved total scores for the Chalder fatigue scale and VAS from the baseline in the test food group compared with the non-eating group. Moreover, the mental health component summary scores in the 36-Item Short Form Survey as well as health-related QOL significantly improved in the test food group compared to the non-eating group. There was no significant difference in the symptom score of URTI between the test food group and non-eating group. No adverse events were seen related to kumquats ingestion. Conclusions In this study, ingestion of 5 ripe kumquats per day for 4 weeks improved fatigue and stress, compared with the non-eating group. In other words, kumquats may have anti-fatigue and anti-stress effects. Further clinical studies are needed to determine these effects of ripe kumquats.
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Source:
薬理と治療 45巻12号, 1977-1987 (2017);
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Objective To evaluate the safety of excessive intake of beverage containing arginine, alanine, and phenylalanine mixture(A-mix)in adults including obese subjects. Study design A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Methods Thirty adults aged 20-64 years old with body mass index (BMI)≳18.5 and<30.0 were randomly assigned into groups and ingested daily three bottles of the beverage containing 0 g or 1.5 g of A-mix for 4 weeks. Results There were no clinically concerning changes or adverse effects related to the test beverage containing A-mix in this study. Conclusions These results indicated that the beverage containing A-mix was safe for excessive intake.
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COLUMN
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薬理と治療 45巻12号, 1993-1995 (2017);
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INFORMATION
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薬理と治療 45巻12号, 1996-1998 (2017);
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薬理と治療 45巻12号, 1999-2009 (2017);
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薬理と治療 45巻12号, 2011-2016 (2017);
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薬理と治療 45巻12号, 2018-2018 (2017);
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薬理と治療 45巻12号, 2019-2020 (2017);
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