Therapeutic Research

Volume 45, Issue 1, 2024
Volumes & issues:
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Information:日本動脈硬化学会プレスセミナー
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小児生活習慣病予防健診によりFHのこどもと大人を守る
45巻1号(2024);View Description
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香川県では家族性高コレステロール血症(FH)のこどもと大人を早期に診断・治療し,科学的なエビデンスを創出することを目的に,2012年から小児FHユニバーサルスクリーニング体制を構築し,小児生活習慣病予防健診を実施している。今回のセミナーでは,南野哲男氏が“オール香川”による小児FHのスクリーニングシステムおよび小児生活習慣病予防健診の効果について解説した。
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総説
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わが国におけるパリビズマブの貢献-上市から約20 年を経て-
45巻1号(2024);View Description
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A respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)infection is a respiratory infectious disease, which affects almost all infants and young children by the age of two and is well known as the main cause of acute respiratory disease in infants and young children. It is also a potentially fatal disease for children at high risk of serious exacerbation, such as preterm birth, congenital heart disease, and immunodeficiency. Palivizumab(product name:Synagis®)was developed as a drug to suppress the severe exacerbation of RSV infections and was introduced in the United States in 1998. It was introduced in Japan in 2002 and has played a central role in reducing the severe exacerbation risk of RSV infections in eligible infants and young children. This paper reviews the contribution of Palivizumab to medical care for infants and young children, changes in the medical environment in over 20 years after its introduction, and future prospects for Palivizumab in Japan.
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原著
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Safety and tolerability of nintedanib in patients with systemic sclerosis –associated interstitial lung disease in clinical practice:interim analysis of post –marketing surveillance in Japan
45巻1号(2024);View Description
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Background:Nintedanib, an oral anti‒fibrotic agent, was approved for treatment of systemic sclerosis‒associated interstitial lung disease(SSc‒ILD)in Japan in December 2019. Objective:To evaluate the safety and tolerability of nintedanib in routine clinical practice in Japan. Methods:This prospective, non‒interventional, post‒marketing surveillance of nintedanib began on 15 April 2020(ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT04325217). The primary endpoint is the incidence of adverse drug reactions(ADRs)(i.e., adverse events[AEs]to which nintedanib has a possible causal relationship). Other outcomes include the incidence of serious AEs. We analyzed safety data for patients who received≧1 dose of nintedanib and had≧1 post‒baseline visit(safety analysis set)with 12‒week case reports by 15 October 2022 Results:The safety analysis set comprised 181 patients, 137(75.69%)female. Mean baseline age, body mass index, SSc‒ILD duration, and forced vital capacity were 64.0 years, 21.78 kg/m2, 5.03 years, and 2045.8 mL, respectively. Most patients began treatment with the approved dosages of 150 mg(41.99%)or 100 mg twice daily(33.70%), mean/median treatment duration was 225/148 days. ADRs occurred in 96 patients (53.04%), mostly commonly diarrhoea(n=56, 30.94%), abnormal hepatic function(n=21, 11.60%), and nausea(n=18, 9.94%). Serious AEs were reported in 21 patients (11.60%), including serious ADRs of abnormal hepatic function(n=2), nephrotic syndrome, decreased appetite, drug‒induced liver injury, and hepatic enzyme increased(n=1 each). All serious ADRs resolved. Conclusion:In this interim analysis, the safety profile of nintedanib in SSc‒ILD nintepatients in routine clinical practice in Japan was consistent with previous studies, with no new concerns. -
Evaluation of safety and clinical outcomes of FF/UMEC/VI therapy in patients with asthma in Japan:interim analysis of general drug use investigation
45巻1号(2024);View Description
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Background:Following approval for asthma treatment in Japan, fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol(FF/UMEC/VI)maintenance treatment was included in the Japanese guidelines for adult asthma 2021. Objective:To assess safety, including cardiovascular(CV)event risk, and clinical outcomes in routine clinical practice in Japanese patients with asthma initiating treatment with FF/UMEC/VI. Methods:This prospective, observational, post‒marketing surveillance study in Japan assessed patients with asthma who were prescribed once‒daily single‒inhaler triple therapy with FF/UMEC/VI (100/62.5/25μg or 200/62.5/25μg)for the first time. Adverse drug reactions(ADRs;investigator assessed events related to FF/UMEC/VI), effectiveness(investigator assessment of course of clinical outcomes;respiratory function, asthma control test score, and asthma exacerbations), and patient characteristics at baseline and end of observation period were collected using an electronic data capture system. Results are presented descriptively. Results:For these interim results, at data cut‒off, 143 patients received FF/UMEC/ VI initial doses of 100/62.5/25μg(n=30, 21.0%)and 200/62.5/25μg(n=113, 79.0%). ADRs were reported in 15(10.5%)patients, including one non‒serious CV‒related ADR (palpitations)and one serious ADR(urinary retention, resolved);cough and dysphonia were the most common ADRs(each:n=4, 2.8%). Across 138 patients assessed for effectiveness, treatment was deemed effective in 130(94.2%). Conclusion:This interim analysis identified no new safety concerns and demonstrated effectiveness of FF/UMEC/VI for asthma treatment in Japanese routine clinical practice. The final study readout will provide additional data on safety and effectiveness of FF/UMEC/VI. -
調剤レセプトデータを用いたテリパラチド自己注射製剤の継続率
45巻1号(2024);View Description
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骨粗鬆症は,低骨量と骨微細構造の異常を特徴とし,骨の脆弱性が増大し,骨折のリスクが高い疾患であり1),高齢女性に多い。骨折は,身体機能の低下,運動機能障害および内臓機能障害を引き起こし,日常生活動作(ADL)および生活の質(QOL)を低下させる。また,重症例では寝たきりになることもある1)。骨粗鬆症の骨折好発部位である大腿骨近位部骨折では,42%で寝たきり状態になり,そのうちの10%が骨折後1 年で死亡するという報告2)や,椎体骨折の有無が生存率と有意に相関するという報告3)がある。さらに椎体骨折の既往は新規椎体骨折および新規大腿骨近位部骨折の発生リスクを5 倍および2.5 倍に高める4)など,二次骨折のリスクが高い。 骨折はADL およびQOL の低下につながるだけでなく,医療費および介護費に占める割合も大きい。最近の調査から大腿骨近位部骨折の患者数は年間193,400 人5),医療費は1 入院あたり約210 万円6)であることから,年間約4600 億円が大腿骨近位部骨折患者の入院時の医療費として推定される。また,2022 年厚生労働省国民生活基礎調査概況によると,骨折・転倒は要介護となった要因の第3 位で要支援/要介護全体の13.9%と公的な介護給付費も高く,半数以上が家族による介護と介護負担も大きい7)。 骨粗鬆症の有病率は年齢とともに高くなり,日本の70 歳代の女性の約30%が骨粗鬆症である8)。さらに2025 年には日本人の約30%が65歳以上と予測されており9),今後も骨粗鬆症の有病者数は増加すると想定される。骨粗鬆症性骨折を含む骨粗鬆症は,早期に発見して治療することで個人のADL およびQOL の維持に貢献し,医療費や介護費などの低減にもつながると考えられている1,8)。国も大腿骨近位部骨折に関わる二次性骨折予防継続管理料を2022 年に新たに導入するなど,二次骨折予防に重点的に取り組んでいる10)。 骨粗鬆症の治療の基本は薬物治療であり,治療薬は骨吸収抑制薬,骨形成促進薬,それ以外に大きく分類される11)。本研究の対象としているテリパラチド製剤(以下,PTH 製剤)は骨形成促進薬に分類され,低骨密度,既存骨折,加齢,大腿骨頸部骨折の家族歴があるなど,骨折リスクの高い症例に推奨されている11)。PTH 製剤は投与開始6 ヵ月後から骨密度を継続的に増加させ,投与開始から48週間時点で骨折の発生率を有意に下げ(リスク比0.2,p=0.02)12),2年間の継続投与で最大の効果を発揮する13)。「imminent fracture risk」とよばれるように,脆弱性骨折後2 年以内は再骨折リスクが高く14),骨折直後から継続して治療を行うことが望ましいとされている。 しかし,レセプトデータを使用して薬物治療の継続率を調べた最近の研究では,治療開始から1 年時点で35%から60%15,16),2 年時点で45%15)と継続率は低い。さらに,PTH 製剤の継続率を調べた2017 年の研究16)では,1 年時点で週1 回の来院による皮下投与が23.2%,1 日1回自己注射が43.1%と投与方法による違いがあることが報告された。2017 年以降,PTH 製剤は2019 年11 月に1 日1 回投与の後発品(バイオシミラー),12 月に週2 回投与の自己注射製剤の販売が順次開始された。現在は,医師または看護師が週1 回皮下投与するWeekly Teriparatide,1 日1 回自己注射するDaily Teriparatide のほか,週2 回自己注射するTwice Weekly Teriparatide の3 種類4 製剤が使用可能である。 過去の研究16)から投与方法別では自己注射のPTH 製剤のほうが継続率は高いことが明らかになったが,2019 年以降使用可能となった製品を含めたPTH 自己注射製剤の継続率の報告はない。そこで,本研究では,現在使用可能となった製品を含めたPTH 自己注射製剤の継続率を明らかにするため,調剤レセプトデータを用いて調査を行った。
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短報
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ビラスチンOD 錠服用患者の味評価と味認識装置による苦み評価
45巻1号(2024);View Description
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Background:The present study utilizes the human sensory evaluation of bilastine ODTs for medication guidance. Furthermore, we measured the changes in the bitter taste of dissolved bilastine ODTs over time by using a taste sensor(TS‒5000Z). Methods:We collected their medicine instruction records ① ease of taking bilastine ODTs and ② their taste. In order to evaluate the taste of bilastine ODTs upon dissolution over time, we measured the changes in sensor response at 15, 30, 60, 300 and 1800 seconds using a bitter taste sensor(BT0). Results:Of the 78 patients studied, 66(84.6%)responded“It is easy to take the drug,”and 68(87.2%)responded“I do not mind the taste of the drug.” The reasons for the response“It is difficult to take the drug.”were:“I taste a peculiar bitterness, and it is bothersome as it remains in my mouth for a while,”and“Sweet taste is not really my favorite.” The sensor response measured by the BT0 sensor increased at 15, 30, and 60 seconds and became constant after 300 seconds. Conclusion:Taste was suggested to be one of the reasons for the response“It is difficult to take the drug.”On the other hand, the sensor response measured by the BT0 sensor increased at 15, 30, and 60 seconds, suggesting that the taste evaluation was influenced by the difference in drug residence time in the oral cavity due to the patient’s medication status.
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Information
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