Volume 48,
Issue 11,
2020
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扉・目次
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薬理と治療 48巻11号, 1843-1846 (2020);
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TOPIC
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薬理と治療 48巻11号, 1863-1874 (2020);
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項目 1b. CONSORT 2010:試験デザイン(trialdesign), 方法(methods), 結果(results) および結論(conclusions)の構造化抄録 PRO 拡張版:PRO が主要もしくは副次アウトカムであることを抄録に記述する。 例示:主要アウトカムは,Chronic Respiratory Questionnaireの総合スコアで測定された24 ヵ月時点でのCOPD 特異的QOL の変化量である11)。 解説:PRO が主要もしくは重要な副次アウトカムとして事前に設定されている試験の場合,臨床ケアやエビデンスの統合に情報を提供するための索引作成や研究の特定を容易にするために,そのことを抄録に記述すべきである。
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薬理と治療 48巻11号, 1877-1894 (2020);
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
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薬理と治療 48巻11号, 1897-1903 (2020);
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Background Many elderly patients take numerous medicines for their various ailments. Suspending the administration of unnecessary medicines and potentially inappropriate medications to elderly patients will lead to prescription optimization. It was previously reported that a template used at Tokyo University Hospital for evaluating medicines that patients bring to the hospital(the template)was a useful screening tool for prescription optimization in general hospitals. However, the hospitalization periods are short in the general ward, so pharmacists were unable to adequately adjust prescriptions. Methods The template was used to screen patients >65 years old who were admitted to the convalescence rehabilitation at 4 hospitals in Fukuoka Prefecture. All patients received pharmaceutical care in the hospital from the pharmacists who also provided prescription support to the doctors. Results Using the template, 183 patients were considered applicable for pharmacistʼs review (Group 1), while 83 patients were non-applicable(Group 2). On admission, the average number of prescriptions was 8.2 in Group 1, which was significantly higher than the number in Group 2(3.7). A total of 117 of the 266 study patients discontinued prescription after a discussion and review of their prescription with pharmacists and physicians; 91 of these were patients in Group 1. The most common type of medication discontinued was antipyretic analgesic in both groups. Conclusions The results suggest that the template was a useful screening tool for prescription optimization in convalescent rehabilitation hospitals, and that pharmaceutical intervention during hospitalization might have contributed to the optimization of prescriptions for elderly patients.
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薬理と治療 48巻11号, 1905-1918 (2020);
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Background Low back pain is the prevalent disease worldwide. A nonprotein extract isolated from inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus (Neurotropin®)and duloxetine are effective analgesics for low back pain. But the combined effect of Neurotropin and duloxetine for low back pain was not known. Objectives In this study, we examined combined analgesic effect of Neurotropin and duloxetine in low back pain model rats such as nucleus pulposus(NP)implantation model and intervertebral disc(IVD)puncture model. Methods Adult male Wistar or SD rats were used. NP implantation model were made by application of NP on nerve root and dorsal root ganglion. IVD puncture model were made by needle puncture in lumbar L5/L6 IVD using the 24-gauge needle. In each low back pain model, Neurotropin and duloxetine were orally administered to match the peak analgesic effects, and were orally administered simultaneously. Then analgesic effects were evaluated with 50% withdrawal threshold using von Frey filaments. Results Neurotropin and duloxetine showed a dose︱dependent analgesic effect in both model rats. The combined analgesic effects of Neurotropin and duloxetine were additive in both model rats, and simultaneous administration of Neurotropin and duloxetine showed rapid onset and prolonged analgesic effects compared with either drug administration in both model rats. Conclusions In this study, combined administration of Neurotropin and duloxetine was effective for low back pain model rats. These results suggest that combination of Neurotropin and duloxetine may be useful for the treatment of low back pain.
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薬理と治療 48巻11号, 1919-1924 (2020);
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Objective We examined the antioxidant effects of hot water extract from Chlorella pyrenoidosa(CPE)on free radicals. Methods The antioxidant in vitro effect was determined by using Electron Spin Resonance (ESR)spectrometory method with a spin trapping agent DMPO(5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide). Results CPE scavenged dose-dependently ・OH, O2 - and DPPH radicals. We found that CPE had scavenging activity on human oxidative low density lipoprotein. The in vivo effect of CPE on blood plasma antioxidant status of tumor-bearing mice were investigated. Lipid peroxide level(as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances)decreased significantly in the plasma from 3-methylcholanthrene(MC)induced tumor-bearing mice or pulmonary tumor 7423(P・7423)-bearing mice. The metastasis of P・7423 and the ratio of carcinogenesis of MC induced tumor were inhibited. These findings suggest that oral administration of CPE can induce antioxidant effect in the mice blood plasma. Conclusions These results suggest that CPE might reduce the risk in many human disease such as cancer, atherosclerosis, etc.
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薬理と治療 48巻11号, 1925-1933 (2020);
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Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Amazake made from sake lees and rice koji on the sense of fatigue from daily activity in healthy adults.Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over comparison study was conducted in 10 healthy female adults aged between 50 and 64. Each subject drank 112 kcal of Amazake or placebo drink every day for 2 weeks. At day 15, the subjects performed Uchida-Kraepelin performance test and bicycle ergometer cycling as mental and physical loadings. The sense of fatigue was evaluated using the visual analogue scales(VAS), the profile of mood states (POMS), and the Chalder fatigue scale(CFS). Results Based on the VAS score, Amazake ingestion significantly increased the sense of relief from fatigue caused by mental and physical loadings compared to the placebo ingestion. The POMS fatigue parameter and the CFS total scores tended to be lower after Amazake ingestion. In addition, persistence of interest and friendliness were significantly improved in the Amazake group. Conclusion These results suggest that Amazake made from sake lees and rice koji could reduce the sense of fatigue caused by daily activities.(UMIN-CTR: UMIN000039610)
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薬理と治療 48巻11号, 1935-1943 (2020);
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Objectives The pulp(precipitated fraction)that is present in the juice of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)contains a high concentration of β-cryptoxanthin(β-CRP). β-CRP has been reported to have various health effects in epidemiological surveys and intervention studies, and we have reported on the efficacy of β︱CRP at a dose of 1 mg/day or higher for improving lipid metabolism. Therefore, this time, we evaluated it at a lower dose and by RCT. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison study. Subjects were healthy men and women between the ages of 20 and 64 with LDL cholesterol (LDL-C)in the borderline region and the mild symptoms region. The test diets were 0.5 mg/day of β-CRP, which were three soft capsules, and the intake period was 12 weeks. Blood and urine tests, physical examinations, and medical interviews were carried out before the intake, 6 weeks after the intake and 12 weeks after the intake. Results 37 people were subjects for analysis(β-CRP group: 19, placebo group: 18). In all cases, the LDL-C, the primary endpoint, had significantly decreased in the β-CRP group (129.9→123.2 mg╱dL, P=0.037)after 12 weeks of ingesting β-CRP. Except for smokers, comparing the β-CRP group and a subgroup, a placebo group with less dietary β-CRP(β-CRP group: 16, placebo group: 8), showed that the LDL-C in the β-CRP group significantly decreased compared with the placebo group after 12 weeks of ingestion(β-CRP group: 122.8, placebo group: 137.0 mg╱dL, P=0.019). Conclusions The β-CRP group showed reduced LDL-C compared to the placebo group. This result suggested that the intake of β-CRP at a dose of 0.5 mg╱day for 12 weeks improves lipid metabolism in people with higher LDL-C. (UMIN Trial ID: UMIN000036477)
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薬理と治療 48巻11号, 1945-1959 (2020);
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Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of 4-week repeated oral intake of quercetin -containing supplement on the allergen-induced allergic reactions and subjective symptoms in Japanese adult males and females who complained of discomfort in eyes and nose Methods A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel-group study was conducted in 66 subjects(22-78 years old)with allergic symptoms of pollinosis. The subjects were daily given either the test product(200 mg quercetin)or the control product(vehicle)for 4 weeks. Before and after the start of the product intake, the scores of Japanese Rhino-conjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire(JRQLQ)with other tests were examined in each subject. A new food-graded bioavailable formulation of quercetin, Quercetin phytosome® was used. Results At 1 to 4 weeks after the start of the supplement intake, several scores of JRQLQ including allergic symptoms such as eye itching, sneezing, nasal discharge, and sleep disorder were significantly improved in the quercetin-containing supplement group compared to the placebo group. Further, based on original questionnaire and visual analogue scale(VAS), the quality of life in these subjects was significantly improved. Little notable adverse effects were noted throughout the study. Conclusions The results indicated that oral intake of quercetin-containing supplement might be effective for the reduction of some allergy symptoms derived from pollinosis.(UMIN-CTR000038765).
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薬理と治療 48巻11号, 1961-1974 (2020);
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Objective The aim of this study is to elucidate the effects of yogurt taken together with ground sesame on allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis symptoms and on changes in IgE response, intestinal flora composition, and on CD4 positive T lymphocyte ratio Th1/Th2. Methods A randomized parallel comparison study was conducted on 43 healthy adults. Participants were randomized into three groups; yogurt(200 g) and ground sesame(2 tablespoons, equivalent to 16 grams)group; yogurt(200 g) group; no additional test food group, to be taken every day for 4 weeks. Allergic rhinitis╱conjunctivitis QOL survey results, fecal sample, and serum biomarkers were evaluated for allergic symptoms, IgE response, intestinal flora composition, and blood chemistry variation. Results The QOL survey(JACQLQ)result showed significant improvement in yogurt and sesame group in 9 items(i.e., eye itchiness, distracted from work etc.), and also in yogurt group. IgE response to Birch lowered in yogurt and sesame group. Clostridium bartletti significantly decreased in yogurt and sesame group whereas it increased significantly in the control group. CD 4 positive Th1╱Th2 ratio significantly decreased in all three groups. Conclusions The results suggest that taking yogurt with ground sesame significantly improves self-reported allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis symptoms, and yogurt taken alone may also alleviate the symptoms. Yogurt and ground sesame may alleviate some specific IgE response, and it may also activate some beneficial gut flora. Widespread sanitization efforts may have influenced T lymphocyte ratio in measures to mitigate the spread of Covid-19. (UMIN 000039472)
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薬理と治療 48巻11号, 1975-1984 (2020);
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Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of intake of jelly compounded with 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol(DHMBA)-containing supernatant extracted from soft tissue of the Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)on perceptions of stress and sleep quality in healthy adult working men and women. Methods Healthy adult working men and women(58 study subjects)experiencing stress from work or commuting were conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, comparative study. The study subjects were judged to be highly stressed by the brief job stress questionnaire(BJSQ)and rated as“slightly high/frequent”on the scales of “irritability”and “anxiety”in domain B(psychological and physical stress reactions)of the BJSQ. The study subjects took four packets of jelly compounded with DHMBA-containing supernatant extracted from soft tissue of C. gigas, or placebo jelly every day for 4 weeks. Jelly not containing oyster meat extract was used as a placebo. Perceptions of stress and sleep quality were evaluated using the BJSQ and the Oguri-Shirakawa-Azumi sleep inventory MA (OSA-MA) version, respectively, which were used as primary endpoints. The secondary endpoints were the scores of the profile of mood status 2nd edition-adult-short(POMS2-AS). Results From the BJSQ data, the change(improvement)in the score of“irritability”in domain B(psychological and physical stress reactions) from baseline to 2 weeks was significantly higher in the test-food group than in the placebo group(0.5±0.1 versus 0.1±0.1, P=0.037). In the OSA-MA, the change (improvement)in the score of the factor Ⅲ(frequent dreaming) from baseline to 4 weeks was significantly higher in the test-food group than in the placebo group(4.98±1.49 versus -1.26±2.39, P=0.036). There were no adverse events associated with the intake of jelly compounded with DHMBA︱containing supernatant extracted from soft tissue of C. gigas. Conclusions Our results suggested that the intake of jelly compounded with DHMBA-con-taining supernatant extracted from soft tissue of C. gigas is effective in alleviating stress(irritability) in healthy adult working men and women, and in improving sleep quality in those who experience frequent dreaming. UMIN ID: UMIN000038468
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薬理と治療 48巻11号, 1985-1997 (2020);
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Objective Challenges to achieving a balanced nutrition in childhood are growing in Vietnam. Kale is a vegetable remarkable for its high vitamin, mineral, and antioxidant components. The objective of this study was to preliminary evaluate the effects of long-term consumption of kale on childrenʼs overall health. Method A total of 602 healthy children from 2nd to 4th grade(6-9 years old)were selected from two elementary schools in Hanoi. Furthermore, these children were subdivided into two groups: (ⅰ)An intervention group that consumed kale juice for approximately 8 months, and (ⅱ)a control group that did not. The cumulative incidence rate of upper respiratory tract infections(URTI)and diarrhoea was also evaluated. In addition, measurements of the childrenʼs height, weight, decimal visual acuity, grip strength, and intelligence(using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(WISC-4))were recorded pre- and post-intervention. Results Compared to the control group, the cumulative incidence rate of URTIs and days of morbidity were also significantly lower in the intervention group. Furthermore, the children in the intervention group exhibited significant development in height, weight, and grip strength. A significantly low value was observed for children in the intervention group with poor unaided visual acuity(<1.0)at the end of the study. Conclusion These results show that kale juice may be useful in preserving childrenʼs health and development. Additional studies are required to determine the long-term effects.(UMIN ID:UMIN000023934)
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薬理と治療 48巻11号, 1999-2009 (2020);
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Objective This study verified the effects of a single dose of a tablet supplement containing Terminalia bellirica and banaba leaf extracts on postprandial blood triglycerides and glucose in healthy Japanese subjects. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial from June 24 to October 21, 2019. Thirty︱six healthy Japanese adult subjects were randomly allocated into sequence 1 or 2(n=18 each)using a computerized random number generator. The subjects consumed a single dose of either the test food or placebo during periods 1 and 2 with a washout period exceeding one week. The loading diet was ingested after consuming the test food or placebo. The levels of postprandial blood triglycerides and glucose were set as primary outcomes, while the measurement of blood levels of insulin, HOMA-β, HOMA-R, and remnant-like particle cholesterol were set as secondary outcomes. Results The number of subjects finally analyzed as per-protocol dataset was 18 from sequence 1(8 men and 10 women)and 16 from sequence 2(6 men and 10 women). The postprandial blood triglyceride level at 240 min after the loading and the maximum concentration of postprandial blood glucose showed a significant group-time interaction, and both items after consumption of the test food were lower than that of placebo(P<0.05). No safety concerns were noted. Conclusions A single dose of the test food significantly inhibited the increase in postprandial blood triglycerides and glucose.Trial registration UMIN000036678 Foundation DHC Corporation
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薬理と治療 48巻11号, 2011-2019 (2020);
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Background A large number of studies have been conducted to investigate effects of undenatured type Ⅱ collagen and/or proteoglycan on arthritis. We reported the effect improving knee joint pain of the salmon nasal cartilage extract that contains both undenatured type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan(SCP complex-LS, Linise Co., Ltd.)in our article published in 2016. However, because the analyses in the article were performed regarding each of the right and left knees, only the left knee analysis results showed significant improvement. Objectives This study aims to reevaluate effects of the salmon nasal cartilage extract on pain in both knees by conducting re︱analyses of the previous study data. Methods A statistical analysis was performed using the scores of VAS pain for each of the knee with stronger pain and the contralateral knee, instead of the right knee and left knee. Results Regarding the knee with stronger pain, the VAS score in a resting state and in going up and down stairs at Week 6 was significantly lower in the salmon nasal cartilage extract group than in the placebo group. Also, the VAS score for the contralateral knee in all three situations(in a resting state, in walking, and in going up and down stairs)at Week 6 was significantly lower in the salmon nasal cartilage extract group than in the placebo group. Conclusions This re-analysis clearly showed that the 6 -week intake of salmon nasal cartilage extract containing undenatured type Ⅱ collagen and undenatured proteoglycan provides both knees with the benefit of reducing knee pain.
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COLUMN
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薬理と治療 48巻11号, 2023-2031 (2020);
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INFORMATION
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薬理と治療 48巻11号, 2033-2036 (2020);
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薬理と治療 48巻11号, 2039-2040 (2020);
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